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|style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"| '''Altitudine''' || | |12 m s.l.m. | |style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"| '''Altitudine''' || | |12 m s.l.m. | ||
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|style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"| '''Superficie''' || |77.119 km²<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"> | |style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"| '''Superficie''' || |77.119 km²<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023">[https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_35.txt 2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files - United States Census Bureau] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20240411011240/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_35.txt <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> | ||
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|style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"| '''Popolazione''' || |46.669 abitanti<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/> | |style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"| '''Popolazione''' || |46.669 abitanti<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/> | ||
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'''Roswell''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Chaves County, New Mexico|Chaves County]], [[New Mexico]], United States.<ref name="GR6"> | '''Roswell''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Chaves County, New Mexico|Chaves County]], [[New Mexico]], United States.<ref name="GR6">[http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx Find a County - National Association of Counties] (in inglese)[https://web.archive.org/web/20150626142102/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> The population was 48,422 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="2020 Census (City)">[https://data.census.gov/profile/Roswell_city,_New_Mexico?g=160XX00US3564930 Explore Census Data - United States Census Bureau] (in inglese)</ref> making it the [[List of municipalities in New Mexico|fifth-most populous city]] in New Mexico. It is home to the [[New Mexico Military Institute]] (NMMI), founded in 1891. The city is also the location of an [[Eastern New Mexico University]] campus. [[Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge]] is located a few miles northeast of the city on the [[Pecos River]]. [[Bottomless Lakes State Park]] is located {{convert|12|mi}} east of Roswell on [[U.S. Route 380|US 380]]. Chaves County forms the entirety of the [[List of micropolitan areas in New Mexico|Roswell micropolitan area]]. | ||
The [[Roswell incident]] was named after the town, though the crash site of the alleged [[UFO]] was some {{convert|75|mi}} north of Roswell and closer to [[Corona, New Mexico|Corona]]. The investigation and debris recovery was handled by the local [[Roswell Army Air Field]]. On the 50th anniversary of the Roswell incident, an annual UFO Festival was started. In the 1930s, Roswell was a site for much of [[Robert H. Goddard]]'s early [[rocket]]ry work. The Roswell Museum and Art Center maintains an exhibit that includes a recreation of Goddard's [[rocket engine]] development workshop, and [[Goddard High School (New Mexico)|Goddard High School]] is named after him. | The [[Roswell incident]] was named after the town, though the crash site of the alleged [[UFO]] was some {{convert|75|mi}} north of Roswell and closer to [[Corona, New Mexico|Corona]]. The investigation and debris recovery was handled by the local [[Roswell Army Air Field]]. On the 50th anniversary of the Roswell incident, an annual UFO Festival was started. In the 1930s, Roswell was a site for much of [[Robert H. Goddard]]'s early [[rocket]]ry work. The Roswell Museum and Art Center maintains an exhibit that includes a recreation of Goddard's [[rocket engine]] development workshop, and [[Goddard High School (New Mexico)|Goddard High School]] is named after him. | ||
Roswell's tourism industry is based on [[ufology]] museums and businesses, as well as [[extraterrestrial intelligence|alien]]-themed and [[spacecraft]]-themed iconography. The city also relies on New Mexico and Americana related tourism<ref name="Birnes 2010 p. 184"> | Roswell's tourism industry is based on [[ufology]] museums and businesses, as well as [[extraterrestrial intelligence|alien]]-themed and [[spacecraft]]-themed iconography. The city also relies on New Mexico and Americana related tourism<ref name="Birnes 2010 p. 184">W.J. Birnes (2010): [https://books.google.com/books?id=LuzsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT184 ''Aliens in America: A UFO Hunter's Guide to Extraterrestrial Hotpspots Across the U.S.'' - Adams Media], pag.184 (in inglese) [[Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781440508721|ISBN 978-1-4405-0872-1]]</ref><ref name="Niederman 2018 p. 485">S. Niederman (2018): ''Explorer's Guide New Mexico (Third Edition) (Explorer's Complete)'', Countryman Press, pag.485 (in inglese) [[Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781682681916|ISBN 978-1-68268-191-6]]</ref> including the [[International UFO Museum and Research Center]]. Local [[American folk music|American folk]] and [[New Mexico music]] performances occur near Pioneer Plaza and in parks around the city. It is a center for [[acequia]]-like irrigated farming, dairying, and ranching; it is also the location of several manufacturing, distribution, and petroleum related facilities. Roswell has a history of [[Roswell, New Mexico, minor league baseball history|minor league baseball]]. This regional pride has resulted in Roswell receiving the [[All-America City Award]] multiple times, in 1978–79 and 2002. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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Van C. Smith, a businessman from [[Omaha, Nebraska]], and his partner, Aaron Wilburn, constructed two [[adobe]] buildings in 1869 that began what is now Roswell. The two buildings became the settlement's general store, post office, and sleeping quarters for paying guests. In 1871, Smith filed a claim with the federal government for the land around the buildings, and on August 20, 1873, he became the town's first [[postmaster]]. Smith was the son of Roswell Smith, a prominent lawyer in [[Lafayette, Indiana]], and Annie Ellsworth, daughter of U.S. Patent Commissioner [[Henry Leavitt Ellsworth]]. He called the town Roswell, after his father's first name. | Van C. Smith, a businessman from [[Omaha, Nebraska]], and his partner, Aaron Wilburn, constructed two [[adobe]] buildings in 1869 that began what is now Roswell. The two buildings became the settlement's general store, post office, and sleeping quarters for paying guests. In 1871, Smith filed a claim with the federal government for the land around the buildings, and on August 20, 1873, he became the town's first [[postmaster]]. Smith was the son of Roswell Smith, a prominent lawyer in [[Lafayette, Indiana]], and Annie Ellsworth, daughter of U.S. Patent Commissioner [[Henry Leavitt Ellsworth]]. He called the town Roswell, after his father's first name. | ||
In 1877, Captain Joseph Calloway Lea and his family bought out Smith and Wilburn's claim and became the owners of most of the land of Roswell and the area surrounding it. The town was relatively quiet during the [[Lincoln County War]] (1877–1879). A major [[aquifer]] was discovered when merchant Nathan Jaffa had a well drilled in his back yard on Richardson Avenue in 1890, resulting in the area's first major growth and development spurt. The growth continued when the [[Southwestern Railroad (New Mexico)#Carlsbad Division|Pecos Valley Railroad]] arrived in 1892.<ref name="Myrick_1990">Myrick, David, ''New Mexico’s Railroads, A Historic Survey'', University of New Mexico Press 1990. | In 1877, Captain Joseph Calloway Lea and his family bought out Smith and Wilburn's claim and became the owners of most of the land of Roswell and the area surrounding it. The town was relatively quiet during the [[Lincoln County War]] (1877–1879). A major [[aquifer]] was discovered when merchant Nathan Jaffa had a well drilled in his back yard on Richardson Avenue in 1890, resulting in the area's first major growth and development spurt. The growth continued when the [[Southwestern Railroad (New Mexico)#Carlsbad Division|Pecos Valley Railroad]] arrived in 1892.<ref name="Myrick_1990">Myrick, David, ''New Mexico’s Railroads, A Historic Survey'', University of New Mexico Press 1990.</ref> | ||
During World War II, a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] was located in nearby [[Orchard Park, New Mexico|Orchard Park]]. The German prisoners of war were used to do major infrastructure work in Roswell, such as paving the banks of the [[North Spring River]]. Some [[Prisoner of war|POWs]] used rocks of different sizes to create the outline of an [[iron cross]] among the stones covering the north bank. Later, the iron cross was covered with a thin layer of concrete. In the 1980s, a crew cleaning the river bed cleared off the concrete and revealed the outline once more. The small park just south of the cross was then known as Iron Cross Park. On November 11, 1996, the park was renamed POW/MIA Park. The park displays a piece of the [[Berlin Wall]], presented to the city of Roswell by the [[German Air Force]]. | During World War II, a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] was located in nearby [[Orchard Park, New Mexico|Orchard Park]]. The German prisoners of war were used to do major infrastructure work in Roswell, such as paving the banks of the [[North Spring River]]. Some [[Prisoner of war|POWs]] used rocks of different sizes to create the outline of an [[iron cross]] among the stones covering the north bank. Later, the iron cross was covered with a thin layer of concrete. In the 1980s, a crew cleaning the river bed cleared off the concrete and revealed the outline once more. The small park just south of the cross was then known as Iron Cross Park. On November 11, 1996, the park was renamed POW/MIA Park. The park displays a piece of the [[Berlin Wall]], presented to the city of Roswell by the [[German Air Force]]. | ||
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In 2024, Roswell was awarded the honor to host the [[Reno Air Races]] which will be held September 10-14. The 2024 air races were the last race held in Reno. Following a nationwide search to locate a new home, the Reno Air Racing Association moved the location of the 2025 air races to Roswell, New Mexico.<ref name="RARA">[https://airrace.org/national-championship-air-races-take-off-for-roswell-nm-in-2025/ Reno Air Races Take Off for Roswell]</ref> | In 2024, Roswell was awarded the honor to host the [[Reno Air Races]] which will be held September 10-14. The 2024 air races were the last race held in Reno. Following a nationwide search to locate a new home, the Reno Air Racing Association moved the location of the 2025 air races to Roswell, New Mexico.<ref name="RARA">[https://airrace.org/national-championship-air-races-take-off-for-roswell-nm-in-2025/ Reno Air Races Take Off for Roswell]</ref> | ||
Roswell hosted the [[Red Bull Stratos|record-breaking skydive]] by [[Felix Baumgartner]] on October 14, 2012.<ref> | Roswell hosted the [[Red Bull Stratos|record-breaking skydive]] by [[Felix Baumgartner]] on October 14, 2012.<ref>Juan Llorca (2012): [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/14/felix-baumgartner-jump-redbull-skydive_n_1965299.html Felix Baumgartner Completes Record-Setting Jump - Huffington Post] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017045003/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/14/felix-baumgartner-jump-redbull-skydive_n_1965299.html <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Roswell is located in the [[High Plains (United States)|High]] [[Great Plains]] of southeastern [[New Mexico]],<ref> | Roswell is located in the [[High Plains (United States)|High]] [[Great Plains]] of southeastern [[New Mexico]],<ref>[http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ct.044 Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | Roswell, New Mexico] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525161837/http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ct.044 <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> approximately {{cvt|7|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of the [[Pecos River]] and some {{cvt|40|mi|abbr=on}} east of highlands that rise to the [[Sierra Blanca (New Mexico)|Sierra Blanca]] range. U.S. Routes [[U.S. Route 70 in New Mexico|70]], [[U.S. Route 285 (New Mexico)|285]] and [[U.S. Route 380 (New Mexico)|380]] intersect in the city. US 70 leads northeast {{cvt|111|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Clovis, New Mexico|Clovis]] and {{cvt|117|mi|abbr=on}} west to [[Alamogordo, New Mexico|Alamogordo]]; US 285 leads north {{cvt|192|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] and south {{cvt|76|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Carlsbad, New Mexico|Carlsbad]]; and US 380 leads east {{cvt|134|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Brownfield, Texas]], and west {{cvt|164|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Socorro, New Mexico|Socorro]]. | ||
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|29.776|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|29.716|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.060|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, or 0.18%, is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"/> | According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|29.776|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|29.716|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.060|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, or 0.18%, is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"/> | ||
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Roswell is located in both the [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]] and the [[Chihuahuan Desert]] and has four very distinct seasons, giving it a [[cold semi-arid climate]] (''BSk'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Winters are cool, but usually sunny, and [[snowfall]] can occur. Spring is mild and usually warm, but can still be cold on occasion. Summers are very hot (as is common with the High Plains of [[New Mexico]] and [[Colorado]]) and averages around 30 days per year when the temperature rises above {{convert|100|F|C}}, which can be unpleasant. The North American [[monsoon]] occurs during the summer, and can bring torrential downpours, severe [[thunderstorms]] (with high winds and [[hail]]) and sometimes even [[tornadoes]]. The rain can provide a cooling relief from the scorching great plains heat. Fall is usually warm and pleasant, but can be cold late in the season. Snow is possible generally from late October to March. | Roswell is located in both the [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]] and the [[Chihuahuan Desert]] and has four very distinct seasons, giving it a [[cold semi-arid climate]] (''BSk'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Winters are cool, but usually sunny, and [[snowfall]] can occur. Spring is mild and usually warm, but can still be cold on occasion. Summers are very hot (as is common with the High Plains of [[New Mexico]] and [[Colorado]]) and averages around 30 days per year when the temperature rises above {{convert|100|F|C}}, which can be unpleasant. The North American [[monsoon]] occurs during the summer, and can bring torrential downpours, severe [[thunderstorms]] (with high winds and [[hail]]) and sometimes even [[tornadoes]]. The rain can provide a cooling relief from the scorching great plains heat. Fall is usually warm and pleasant, but can be cold late in the season. Snow is possible generally from late October to March. | ||
The record low in Roswell is {{convert|-24|F|0}} on January 11, 1962, and February 8, 1933.<ref name = "NWS Albuquerque, NM (ABQ)"> NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210430063248/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=abq <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> The record high is {{convert|114|F|0}} on June 27, 1994.<ref name = "NWS Albuquerque, NM (ABQ)"/><ref> | The record low in Roswell is {{convert|-24|F|0}} on January 11, 1962, and February 8, 1933.<ref name = "NWS Albuquerque, NM (ABQ)"> NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210430063248/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=abq <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> The record high is {{convert|114|F|0}} on June 27, 1994.<ref name = "NWS Albuquerque, NM (ABQ)"/><ref>[http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USNM0267?climoMonth=6 June Daily Averages for Roswell, NM ''Weather.com'' Retrieved June 12, 2012] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140311082128/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USNM0267?climoMonth=6 <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> | ||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
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===2020 census=== | ===2020 census=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+'''Roswell, New Mexico – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small><ref> | |+'''Roswell, New Mexico – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small><ref>[https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=Roswell%20city,%20New%20Mexico&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Roswell city, New Mexico] (in inglese)</ref> | ||
!Race | !Race | ||
!Number | !Number | ||
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|'''100.0%''' | |'''100.0%''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 48,422 people, 17,929 households, and 11,844 families residing in the city.<ref> | As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 48,422 people, 17,929 households, and 11,844 families residing in the city.<ref>[https://data.census.gov/table?q=Roswell%20city,%20New%20Mexico%20p16&y=2020 US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type - United States Census Bureau] (in inglese)</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|1629.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 20,220 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 54.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.5% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 20.9% from some other races and 19.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 58.8% of the population.<ref>[https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/roswell-city-new-mexico/160-3564930/ How many people live in Roswell city, New Mexico - USA Today] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20240615054833/https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/roswell-city-new-mexico/160-3564930/ <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> 26.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.6% were under 5 years of age, and 15.2% were 65 and older. | ||
The median income for a household in the city was $48,298, and per capita income was $25,906 (2018–2022 in 2022 dollars). In 2022, 23.2% of the population were living below the poverty line. | The median income for a household in the city was $48,298, and per capita income was $25,906 (2018–2022 in 2022 dollars). In 2022, 23.2% of the population were living below the poverty line. | ||
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===Colleges and universities=== | ===Colleges and universities=== | ||
* [[Eastern New Mexico University]]-Roswell<ref> | * [[Eastern New Mexico University]]-Roswell<ref>[http://www.roswell.enmu.edu/ Eastern New Mexico University – Roswell] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100308031545/http://www.roswell.enmu.edu/ <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> is a branch of Eastern New Mexico University (headquartered in [[Portales, New Mexico|Portales]]). The Roswell campus offers several certificate and associate programs. Also, bachelor's and master's programs are available via ENMU's Instructional Television System. | ||
* [[New Mexico Military Institute]] offers four-year high school and two-year associate college-degree programs. | * [[New Mexico Military Institute]] offers four-year high school and two-year associate college-degree programs. | ||
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Previously, Roswell was home to the Roswell Giants (1923), Roswell Sunshiners (1937), [[Roswell Rockets]] (1949–1956), and [[Roswell Pirates]] (1959), who played in the [[West Texas League|Panhandle-Pecos Valley League]] (1923), [[West Texas-New Mexico League]] (1937), [[Longhorn League]] (1949–1955), [[Southwestern League]] (1956), and [[Sophomore League]] (1959).{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} | Previously, Roswell was home to the Roswell Giants (1923), Roswell Sunshiners (1937), [[Roswell Rockets]] (1949–1956), and [[Roswell Pirates]] (1959), who played in the [[West Texas League|Panhandle-Pecos Valley League]] (1923), [[West Texas-New Mexico League]] (1937), [[Longhorn League]] (1949–1955), [[Southwestern League]] (1956), and [[Sophomore League]] (1959).{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} | ||
[[Joe Bauman]] hit a minor-league record 72 home runs for the 1954 Roswell Rockets. Overall, Bauman hit .400 with 72 home runs and 224 RBI, 150 walks and 188 runs in the 1954 season. [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Willie Stargell]] played for the 1959 Roswell Pirates. Roswell was an affiliate of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] in 1959.<ref> | [[Joe Bauman]] hit a minor-league record 72 home runs for the 1954 Roswell Rockets. Overall, Bauman hit .400 with 72 home runs and 224 RBI, 150 walks and 188 runs in the 1954 season. [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Willie Stargell]] played for the 1959 Roswell Pirates. Roswell was an affiliate of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] in 1959.<ref>[https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi Register Team Encyclopedia] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200403204323/https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/stats/t-rr14189/y-1954 |title=1954 Roswell Rockets Statistics on StatsCrew.com |website=www.statscrew.com |access-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408030803/https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/stats/t-rr14189/y-1954 |archive-date=April 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.milb.com/news/roswell-s-joe-bauman-set-home-run-record-in-1954-307626052 |title=Roswell's Joe Bauman set home run record in 1954 |website=MiLB.com |access-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408030754/https://www.milb.com/news/roswell-s-joe-bauman-set-home-run-record-in-1954-307626052 |archive-date=April 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
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==Local industry== | ==Local industry== | ||
[[Image:Njtmillennium4101c8nx.jpg|thumb|right|A Millennium RTS Legend bus manufactured in Roswell]] | [[Image:Njtmillennium4101c8nx.jpg|thumb|right|A Millennium RTS Legend bus manufactured in Roswell]] | ||
Roswell is home to [[Leprino Foods]], one of the world's largest [[mozzarella]] factories.<ref> | Roswell is home to [[Leprino Foods]], one of the world's largest [[mozzarella]] factories.<ref>Lots a Mozzarella in Roswell – Leprino Foods - BNET.com (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080929231649/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3301/is_6_102/ai_76704013 <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> It is also the location of the former [[Transportation Manufacturing Corporation]] factory, best known for producing various iterations of the [[Rapid Transit Series|RTS]] city bus since 1987. The factory was operated by [[Nova Bus]] from 1994 to 2003 and subsequently by [[Millennium Transit Services]]. | ||
==Cultural attractions== | ==Cultural attractions== | ||
[[Image:International UFO Museum and Research Center Roswell New Mexico.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[International UFO Museum]]]]Roswell's tourism industry is based on [[aerospace engineering]] and [[ufology]] museums and businesses, as well as [[extraterrestrial intelligence|alien]]-themed and [[spacecraft]]-themed iconography.<ref> | [[Image:International UFO Museum and Research Center Roswell New Mexico.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[International UFO Museum]]]]Roswell's tourism industry is based on [[aerospace engineering]] and [[ufology]] museums and businesses, as well as [[extraterrestrial intelligence|alien]]-themed and [[spacecraft]]-themed iconography.<ref>Kirk Liz Siegler Baker (2021): [https://www.npr.org/2021/06/05/1003267794/the-truth-is-still-out-there-in-ufo-capital-roswell-new-mexico The Truth Is (Still) Out There In 'UFO Capital' Roswell, New Mexico - NPR.org] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20220508034843/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/05/1003267794/the-truth-is-still-out-there-in-ufo-capital-roswell-new-mexico <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> A yearly UFO festival has been held since 1995.<ref>[https://www.aarp.org/travel/vacation-ideas/family/info-2023/quirky-festivals.html 5 Quirky Festivals to Visit in 2023 - AARP] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230309164250/https://www.aarp.org/travel/vacation-ideas/family/info-2023/quirky-festivals.html <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> | ||
The Roswell Museum maintains an exhibit that includes a recreation of Goddard's [[rocket engine]] development workshop, as well as a planetarium and a collection of fine art.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2021 |title=New name announced for Roswell museum |url=https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/new-name-announced-for-roswell-museum/ |access-date=May 8, 2022 |website=KRQE NEWS 13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 17, 2021 |title=RMAC launches new brand, changes name |url=https://www.rdrnews.com/news/local/rmac-launches-new-brand-changes-name/article_65c4ca10-fb05-5596-881d-cb0ab8bf102f.html |access-date=May 8, 2022 |website=Roswell Daily Record |language=en |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508034843/https://www.rdrnews.com/news/local/rmac-launches-new-brand-changes-name/article_65c4ca10-fb05-5596-881d-cb0ab8bf102f.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Roswell Artist-in-Residence Compound|Roswell Artist-in-Residence]] (RAIR) program has an associated museum, the [[Anderson Museum of Contemporary Art]] which features more than 200 artists in the collection.<ref name=":0"> | The Roswell Museum maintains an exhibit that includes a recreation of Goddard's [[rocket engine]] development workshop, as well as a planetarium and a collection of fine art.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2021 |title=New name announced for Roswell museum |url=https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/new-name-announced-for-roswell-museum/ |access-date=May 8, 2022 |website=KRQE NEWS 13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 17, 2021 |title=RMAC launches new brand, changes name |url=https://www.rdrnews.com/news/local/rmac-launches-new-brand-changes-name/article_65c4ca10-fb05-5596-881d-cb0ab8bf102f.html |access-date=May 8, 2022 |website=Roswell Daily Record |language=en |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508034843/https://www.rdrnews.com/news/local/rmac-launches-new-brand-changes-name/article_65c4ca10-fb05-5596-881d-cb0ab8bf102f.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Roswell Artist-in-Residence Compound|Roswell Artist-in-Residence]] (RAIR) program has an associated museum, the [[Anderson Museum of Contemporary Art]] which features more than 200 artists in the collection.<ref name=":0">Steven Horak (2020): Moon New Mexico, Avalon Publishing pag.489 [[Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781640497627|ISBN 978-1-64049-762-7]]</ref><ref>Jim Byers (2018): [http://www.newspapers.com/image/512866842/ New Mexico: A Natural Playground - Newspapers.com] (in inglese) [https://web.archive.org/web/20220508010724/http://www.newspapers.com/image/512866842/ <nowiki>[ARCHIVIATO]</nowiki>]</ref> | ||
==Notable residents== | ==Notable residents== | ||
| Riga 442: | Riga 442: | ||
==Voci correlate== | ==Voci correlate== | ||
* [[ | * [[Nuovo Messico]] | ||
* [[Roswell | * [[Incidente di Roswell]] | ||
==Fonti== | ==Fonti== | ||
| Riga 449: | Riga 449: | ||
Questa pagina è stata importata da [[wikipedia:Roswell, New Mexico|Wikipedia in lingua inglese]]. | Questa pagina è stata importata da [[wikipedia:Roswell, New Mexico|Wikipedia in lingua inglese]]. | ||
* [https://www.roswell-nm.gov/1248/City-of-Roswell | * [https://www.roswell-nm.gov/1248/City-of-Roswell Città di Roswell – Sito ufficiale] (in inglese) | ||
* ''City Map, Roswell, New Mexico''. Roswell: Roswell Printing, 1976. | * ''City Map, Roswell, New Mexico''. Roswell: Roswell Printing, 1976. | ||
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| Status | Città |
| Paese |  Stati Uniti d'America
|
| Fondazione | 1871 |
| Stato | Nuovo Messico |
| Contea | Chaves County |
| Sindaco | Timothy Jennings (DP) |
| Consiglieri | Cristina Arnold & Juan Oropesa Ward 2: Juliana Halvorson & Will Cavin Ward 3: Edward Heldenbrand & Matthew Chappell Ward 4: Robert Corn & Darrell Johnson Ward 5: Angela Moore & Carlos Marrujo |
| Coordinate | 43°50′33″N 13°00′49″E |
| Altitudine | |12 m s.l.m. |
| Superficie | 77.119 km²[1] |
| Popolazione | 46.669 abitanti[2] |
| Densità | 612.1 ab./km² |
| Codice postale | 88201, 88202, 88203 |
| Fuso orario | UTC-7 |
| Sito web | https://www.roswell-nm.gov/1248/City-of-Roswell |
Roswell is a city in and the county seat of Chaves County, New Mexico, United States.[3] The population was 48,422 at the 2020 census,[2] making it the fifth-most populous city in New Mexico. It is home to the New Mexico Military Institute (NMMI), founded in 1891. The city is also the location of an Eastern New Mexico University campus. Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located a few miles northeast of the city on the Pecos River. Bottomless Lakes State Park is located Template:Convert east of Roswell on US 380. Chaves County forms the entirety of the Roswell micropolitan area.
The Roswell incident was named after the town, though the crash site of the alleged UFO was some Template:Convert north of Roswell and closer to Corona. The investigation and debris recovery was handled by the local Roswell Army Air Field. On the 50th anniversary of the Roswell incident, an annual UFO Festival was started. In the 1930s, Roswell was a site for much of Robert H. Goddard's early rocketry work. The Roswell Museum and Art Center maintains an exhibit that includes a recreation of Goddard's rocket engine development workshop, and Goddard High School is named after him.
Roswell's tourism industry is based on ufology museums and businesses, as well as alien-themed and spacecraft-themed iconography. The city also relies on New Mexico and Americana related tourism[4][5] including the International UFO Museum and Research Center. Local American folk and New Mexico music performances occur near Pioneer Plaza and in parks around the city. It is a center for acequia-like irrigated farming, dairying, and ranching; it is also the location of several manufacturing, distribution, and petroleum related facilities. Roswell has a history of minor league baseball. This regional pride has resulted in Roswell receiving the All-America City Award multiple times, in 1978–79 and 2002.
History
The first non-indigenous settlers of the area around Roswell were a group of pioneers from Missouri, who attempted to start a settlement Template:Convert southwest of what is now Roswell in 1865, but were forced to abandon the site because of a lack of water. It was called Missouri Plaza. It also had many Hispanic people from Lincoln, New Mexico. John Chisum had his famous Jingle Bob Ranch about Template:Convert from the center of Roswell, at South Spring Acres. At the time, it was the largest ranch in the United States.
Van C. Smith, a businessman from Omaha, Nebraska, and his partner, Aaron Wilburn, constructed two adobe buildings in 1869 that began what is now Roswell. The two buildings became the settlement's general store, post office, and sleeping quarters for paying guests. In 1871, Smith filed a claim with the federal government for the land around the buildings, and on August 20, 1873, he became the town's first postmaster. Smith was the son of Roswell Smith, a prominent lawyer in Lafayette, Indiana, and Annie Ellsworth, daughter of U.S. Patent Commissioner Henry Leavitt Ellsworth. He called the town Roswell, after his father's first name.
In 1877, Captain Joseph Calloway Lea and his family bought out Smith and Wilburn's claim and became the owners of most of the land of Roswell and the area surrounding it. The town was relatively quiet during the Lincoln County War (1877–1879). A major aquifer was discovered when merchant Nathan Jaffa had a well drilled in his back yard on Richardson Avenue in 1890, resulting in the area's first major growth and development spurt. The growth continued when the Pecos Valley Railroad arrived in 1892.[6]
During World War II, a prisoner-of-war camp was located in nearby Orchard Park. The German prisoners of war were used to do major infrastructure work in Roswell, such as paving the banks of the North Spring River. Some POWs used rocks of different sizes to create the outline of an iron cross among the stones covering the north bank. Later, the iron cross was covered with a thin layer of concrete. In the 1980s, a crew cleaning the river bed cleared off the concrete and revealed the outline once more. The small park just south of the cross was then known as Iron Cross Park. On November 11, 1996, the park was renamed POW/MIA Park. The park displays a piece of the Berlin Wall, presented to the city of Roswell by the German Air Force.
Roswell was a location of military importance from 1941 to 1967. In 1967, the Walker Air Force Base was decommissioned. After the closure of the base, Roswell capitalized on its pleasant climate and reinvented itself as a retirement community.
Roswell has benefited from interest in the alleged UFO incident of 1947. It was the report of an object that crashed in the general vicinity in June or July 1947, allegedly an extraterrestrial spacecraft and its alien occupants. Since the late 1970s, the incident has been the subject of intense controversy and of a conspiracy theory regarding a classified program named "Project Mogul". Many UFO proponents maintain that an alien craft was found and its occupants were captured, and that the military then engaged in a cover-up. In recent times, the business community has deliberately sought out tourists interested in UFOs, science fiction, and aliens.
In 2024, Roswell was awarded the honor to host the Reno Air Races which will be held September 10-14. The 2024 air races were the last race held in Reno. Following a nationwide search to locate a new home, the Reno Air Racing Association moved the location of the 2025 air races to Roswell, New Mexico.[7]
Roswell hosted the record-breaking skydive by Felix Baumgartner on October 14, 2012.[8]
Geography
Roswell is located in the High Great Plains of southeastern New Mexico,[9] approximately Template:Cvt west of the Pecos River and some Template:Cvt east of highlands that rise to the Sierra Blanca range. U.S. Routes 70, 285 and 380 intersect in the city. US 70 leads northeast Template:Cvt to Clovis and Template:Cvt west to Alamogordo; US 285 leads north Template:Cvt to Santa Fe and south Template:Cvt to Carlsbad; and US 380 leads east Template:Cvt to Brownfield, Texas, and west Template:Cvt to Socorro.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert, of which, Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert, or 0.18%, is water.[1]
Climate
Roswell is located in both the High Plains and the Chihuahuan Desert and has four very distinct seasons, giving it a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) according to the Köppen climate classification. Winters are cool, but usually sunny, and snowfall can occur. Spring is mild and usually warm, but can still be cold on occasion. Summers are very hot (as is common with the High Plains of New Mexico and Colorado) and averages around 30 days per year when the temperature rises above Template:Convert, which can be unpleasant. The North American monsoon occurs during the summer, and can bring torrential downpours, severe thunderstorms (with high winds and hail) and sometimes even tornadoes. The rain can provide a cooling relief from the scorching great plains heat. Fall is usually warm and pleasant, but can be cold late in the season. Snow is possible generally from late October to March.
The record low in Roswell is Template:Convert on January 11, 1962, and February 8, 1933.[10] The record high is Template:Convert on June 27, 1994.[10][11]
Demographics
2020 census
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 16,996 | 35.1% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 826 | 1.7% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 327 | 0.7% |
| Asian (NH) | 552 | 1.1% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 21 | 0.0% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 191 | 0.4% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 1,028 | 2.1% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 28,481 | 58.8% |
| Total | 48,422 | 100.0% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 48,422 people, 17,929 households, and 11,844 families residing in the city.[13] The population density was Template:Convert. There were 20,220 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 54.8% White, 2.2% African American, 1.5% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 20.9% from some other races and 19.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.8% of the population.[14] 26.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.6% were under 5 years of age, and 15.2% were 65 and older.
The median income for a household in the city was $48,298, and per capita income was $25,906 (2018–2022 in 2022 dollars). In 2022, 23.2% of the population were living below the poverty line.
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 48,366 people, 17,654 households, and _ families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 19,743 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 69.9% White, 2.5% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 22.1% from some other races and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53.4% of the population. 26.5% of residents were under the age of 18, _% were under 5 years of age, and 15.6% were 65 and older.
Education
Public schools
- Roswell Independent School District
- Mountain View Middle School
- Mesa Middle School
- Sierra Middle School
- Berrendo Middle School
Private schools
- All Saints Catholic School, a pre-K through eighth-grade Catholic school
- Gateway Christian School, a pre-K through high school parochial school
- Immanuel Lutheran School, a Junior Kindergarten through 9th grade classical school
- Saint Andrews Catholic School, a K-6 Catholic School
Colleges and universities
- Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell[15] is a branch of Eastern New Mexico University (headquartered in Portales). The Roswell campus offers several certificate and associate programs. Also, bachelor's and master's programs are available via ENMU's Instructional Television System.
- New Mexico Military Institute offers four-year high school and two-year associate college-degree programs.
Sports
The Roswell Invaders play in the Pecos League of professional baseball clubs. The Invaders wear lime-green uniforms to represent the city's extraterrestrial connections. Home games are played at the Joe Bauman Ballpark.
Previously, Roswell was home to the Roswell Giants (1923), Roswell Sunshiners (1937), Roswell Rockets (1949–1956), and Roswell Pirates (1959), who played in the Panhandle-Pecos Valley League (1923), West Texas-New Mexico League (1937), Longhorn League (1949–1955), Southwestern League (1956), and Sophomore League (1959).Template:Citation needed
Joe Bauman hit a minor-league record 72 home runs for the 1954 Roswell Rockets. Overall, Bauman hit .400 with 72 home runs and 224 RBI, 150 walks and 188 runs in the 1954 season. Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Willie Stargell played for the 1959 Roswell Pirates. Roswell was an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1959.[16][17][18]
Transportation
Airport
- Roswell Air Center is served by American Airlines via its American Eagle regional airline affiliate. Its former name, Roswell International Air Center, still appears in some references and on some local signage.
Bus routes
- Served by Pecos Trails Transit
Intercity Services
Major highways
Railroads
- BNSF Railway provides freight services
Local industry
Roswell is home to Leprino Foods, one of the world's largest mozzarella factories.[19] It is also the location of the former Transportation Manufacturing Corporation factory, best known for producing various iterations of the RTS city bus since 1987. The factory was operated by Nova Bus from 1994 to 2003 and subsequently by Millennium Transit Services.
Cultural attractions
Roswell's tourism industry is based on aerospace engineering and ufology museums and businesses, as well as alien-themed and spacecraft-themed iconography.[20] A yearly UFO festival has been held since 1995.[21]
The Roswell Museum maintains an exhibit that includes a recreation of Goddard's rocket engine development workshop, as well as a planetarium and a collection of fine art.[22][23] The Roswell Artist-in-Residence (RAIR) program has an associated museum, the Anderson Museum of Contemporary Art which features more than 200 artists in the collection.[24][25]
Notable residents
- Robert O. Anderson, businessman and philanthropist
- Bobby Baldock, U.S. federal appellate judge (Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals)
- Tom Brookshier, professional football player and sportscaster, was born in Roswell
- John Chisum, pioneer, landowner, rancher
- Louise Holland Coe, first woman elected to the New Mexico Senate, first woman to run for U.S. Congress, 1894–1985
- Max Coll, 15-term New Mexico House Representative (1966–1970, 1980–2004), grandson of James F. Hinkle
- Ray Crawford, combat pilot and auto racer, born in Roswell
- John Denver, singer and actor, born in Roswell
- Sam Donaldson, TV journalist, attended NMMI
- Pat Garrett, sheriff, killer of Billy the Kid
- Robert H. Goddard, rocket pioneer
- Susan Graham, opera singer
- J.J. Hagerman, businessman and railroad developer
- James F. Hinkle, Mayor of Roswell (1904–06), New Mexico State Senator (1912–1916), Governor of New Mexico (1923–25)
- Nancy Lopez, LPGA Hall of Fame golfer
- Jody McCrea, actor, retired in Roswell
- Demi Moore, actress, born in Roswell
- Sergio de la Peña, United States Army colonel, political candidate, and former Pentagon official
- Gerina Piller, professional golfer
- Priscilla Presley, actress and businesswoman, lived in Roswell when stepfather was transferred to Walker Air Force Base
- Clinton A. Puckett, 6th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, Navy Cross recipient, raised in Roswell
- James P. Riseley, Lieutenant General, USMC, retired in Roswell
- Mike E. Smith, Hall of Fame jockey, born in Roswell
- Austin St. John, first Red Power Ranger, born in Roswell
- Roger Staubach, quarterback, Pro Football Hall of Famer, attended NMMI
Voci correlate
Fonti
Questa pagina è stata importata da Wikipedia in lingua inglese.
- Città di Roswell – Sito ufficiale (in inglese)
- City Map, Roswell, New Mexico. Roswell: Roswell Printing, 1976.
Note
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files - United States Census Bureau (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Explore Census Data - United States Census Bureau (in inglese)
- ↑ Find a County - National Association of Counties (in inglese)[ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ W.J. Birnes (2010): Aliens in America: A UFO Hunter's Guide to Extraterrestrial Hotpspots Across the U.S. - Adams Media, pag.184 (in inglese) ISBN 978-1-4405-0872-1
- ↑ S. Niederman (2018): Explorer's Guide New Mexico (Third Edition) (Explorer's Complete), Countryman Press, pag.485 (in inglese) ISBN 978-1-68268-191-6
- ↑ Myrick, David, New Mexico’s Railroads, A Historic Survey, University of New Mexico Press 1990.
- ↑ Reno Air Races Take Off for Roswell
- ↑ Juan Llorca (2012): Felix Baumgartner Completes Record-Setting Jump - Huffington Post (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | Roswell, New Mexico (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ June Daily Averages for Roswell, NM Weather.com Retrieved June 12, 2012 (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Roswell city, New Mexico (in inglese)
- ↑ US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type - United States Census Bureau (in inglese)
- ↑ How many people live in Roswell city, New Mexico - USA Today (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ Eastern New Mexico University – Roswell (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ Register Team Encyclopedia (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Lots a Mozzarella in Roswell – Leprino Foods - BNET.com (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ Kirk Liz Siegler Baker (2021): The Truth Is (Still) Out There In 'UFO Capital' Roswell, New Mexico - NPR.org (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ 5 Quirky Festivals to Visit in 2023 - AARP (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Steven Horak (2020): Moon New Mexico, Avalon Publishing pag.489 ISBN 978-1-64049-762-7
- ↑ Jim Byers (2018): New Mexico: A Natural Playground - Newspapers.com (in inglese) [ARCHIVIATO]
